A survey of early work exploring how AI can be used in medicine, with somewhat more technical expositions than in the complementary volume Artificial Intelligence in Medicine."Each chapter is preceded by a brief introduction that outlines our view of its contribution to the field, the reason it was selected for inclusion in this volume, an overview of its content, and a discussion of how the work evolved after the article appeared and how it relates to other chapters in the book.

JANICE S. AIKINS Dr. Aikins received her Ph.D. in computer science from Stanford University in 1980. She is currently a research computer scientist at IBM's Palo Alto Scientific Center. She specializes in designing systems with an emphasis on the explicit representation of control knowledge in expert systems. ROBERT L. BLUM Dr. Blum received his M.D. from the University of California Medical School at San Francisco in 1973. From 1973 to 1976 he did an internship and residency in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Kaiser Foundation Hospital in Oakland, California, where he was chief resident in 1976.

A. YONEZAWA and C. HEWITT 41 REPRESENTATIONS FOR ABSTRACT REASONING 4 A maximal method for set variables in automatic theorem-proving W. W. BLEDSOE

A model for adaptive problem solving applied to natural language acquisition.

B.RANDELL 3 PROGRAM PROOF AND MANIPULATION 2 Some techniques for proving correctness of programs which alter data structures.

When x is printed it is (3) and y when printed is (2, 3) rather than (2, 1) as it would have been had the last assignment left it undisturbed. How are we to prove assertions about such programs?

K.A.PATON 411 24 Centromere finding: some shape descriptors for small chromosome outlines.

Engeler, E., Proof theory and the accuracy of computations (to appear).

THE STANFORD Artificial Intelligence Project, later reports to attempt to place each person, or report, in context.

He also taught the biochemistry course that I finally took, two years after finishing my Ph.D. David J. States deserves much of the credit as well. In the three years we have been working together, he greatly extended my understanding of not only what biologists know, but how they think. He has read several drafts of this chapter and made helpful suggestions. David Landsman, Mark Boguski, Kalí Tal and Jill Shirmer have also read the chapter and made suggestions. Angel Lee graciously supplied the gel used in Figure 4. Of course, all remaining mistakes are my responsibility.